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Education Finance

At CRPE, our previous finance research centered on how funding systems could support the growth of charter schools and portfolio-style governance, with a strong emphasis on equity, transparency, and flexibility in resource allocation. We examined how traditional formulas often disadvantaged schools of choice and studied weighted or student-based funding models that might better match dollars to student needs.

Today, our focus has shifted to how education finance can help schools recover and adapt in the face of disruption. We study how pandemic-era funding was used, what lessons districts learned, and how the expiration of those funds creates new fiscal challenges. We also examine how shifting federal priorities—such as efforts to scale back or restructure education funding—affect schools’ capacity to innovate, sustain supports, and equitably serve all students. Across this evolution, our commitment remains the same: to understand how funding systems can be designed to meet student needs while enabling schools to respond to change.

  • Research Reports    

Teacher Labor Markets and the Perils of Using Hedonics to Estimate Compensating Differentials in the Public Sector

Dan Goldhaber, Dan Player, Kate Destler

Policymakers and researchers alike have expressed concern about a teacher quality gap between schools with affluent student populations and the more disadvantaged ones.

  • Research Reports    

Teacher Attitudes About Compensation Reform: Implications for Reform Implementation

Dan Goldhaber, Michael DeArmond, Scott DeBurgomaster

This paper describes research designed to shed light on how teachers feel about different pay and incentive reforms.

  • Research Reports    

Difficulties of Estimating the Cost of Achieving Education Standards

Susanna Loeb

This paper shows that none of the available methods for estimating what it would cost to reach high standards for all children is adequate to the task.

  • Research Reports    

District Resource Allocation Modeler (DREAM): A Web-Based Tool Supporting the Strategic Use of Educational Resources

Stephen Frank, Karen Hawley Miles

This paper is a companion piece to the District Resource Allocation Modeler (DREAM) tool developed by Education Resource Strategies.

  • Research Reports    

Spending Choices and School Autonomy: Lessons From Ohio Elementary Schools

Marguerite Roza, Tricia Davis, Kacey Guin

This study examines resource allocation patterns across elementary schools and how these patterns differ depending, in part, on various levels of autonomy over resources at the school level.

  • Research Reports    

Two Alternative Yet Complementary Conceptual Frameworks for Financing American Education

Michael Kirst, Lori Rhodes

In this working paper, Michael Kirst suggests that a productive education system would focus relatively greater resources on out-of-school interventions, especially for the most disadvantaged children.

  • Research Reports    

Toward Effective Resource Use: Assessing How Education Dollars Are Spent

Jason Willis, Robert Durante, Paul Gazzerro

This paper shows how districts can assess the efficiency of their own resource use compared to similar districts and judge whether non-instructional expenditures are excessive.

  • Research Reports    

Resource Allocation in Traditional and Reform-Oriented Collective Bargaining Agreements

Julia E. Koppich

When school boards enter contracts with teachers unions, they determine the use of nearly half of all the funds available to public education.

  • Research Reports    

A New Approach to the Cost of Teacher Turnover

Anthony Milanowski, Allen R. Odden

This paper explores ways districts can reduce the costs (in terms of lost school productivity and lost training investments) of teacher turnover.

  • Research Reports    

Incentive-Based Financing of Schools

Eric Hanushek

This report analyzes the incentives under which public school teachers and leaders work. It concludes that there are few rewards for producing high levels of student achievement and many rewards for work that does not promote student learning.

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